Ulwakhiwo lweNtsimbi eNzima: Umqolo weZakhiwo zoShishino

Isakhiwo sensimbi enzima, igama leshishini elihluke kwisakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo esilula, lolona hlobo olwamkelwa ngokubanzi lwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Ngombulelo kwiingenelo zayo ezikhethekileyo, iye yaba lolona khetho luphambili kwiindibano zocweyo ezinomthwalo onzima, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo, amabala emidlalo amakhulu, amaziko ombane kunye nezinye izakhiwo, kwaye uyonwabela esona sicelo sibanzi kwicandelo lemveliso.

Kwiisakhiwo sentsimbiishishini, intsimbi enzima kunye nentsimbi elula zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo amagama. Ukwahlulwa ngefom yesakhiwo, umthamo womthwalo kunye neemeko zesicelo, ngamagama aqhelekileyo achazwe ngokusisiseko ngeempawu zoxinzelelo kunye nemigaqo yoyilo lweenkqubo zesakhiwo.

Izakhiwo zentsimbi enzima ngokubanzi zibhekiselele kwiinkqubo zesakhiwo ezithwele imithwalo eyenziwe ngamacwecwe entsimbi ashinyeneyo, iintsimbi zecandelo elikhulu okanye iiletiyisi, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuxhathisa imithwalo esuka kwiikhreyini ezinomthwalo onzima kunye nokungcangcazela kwezixhobo ezikhulu, okanye ukufikelela kwi-ultra-long spans.

Izakhiwo zentsimbi ezinzima zisetyenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo evela kwiikhreyini ezinobunzima kunye nokungcangcazela kwezixhobo ezinkulu, okanye ukudala iziphambano ezinde. Ngombulelo kwiipropathi zabo ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, baye baba yinkqubo yesakhiwo ekhethiweyo yeendibano zocweyo zemizi-mveliso enzima, izibonelelo zamandla, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye namanye amacandelo. Izicelo zabo ezingundoqo kwimizi-mveliso ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ukuveliswa koomatshini abanzima, amandla kunye nezibonelelo zamandla, kunye nesinyithi kunye nemveliso yemathiriyeli ekrwada.

Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinzima ziqhayisa amandla amaninzi, okwenza kube yinto ekhokelayo kwicandelo lezoshishino. Iiworkshops ezakhiwe ngezakhiwo zetsimbi ezinzima zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ze-crane girder ezikwazi ukuxhasa ii-cranes ezingaphezu kweetoni ze-100, ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokunyusa, ukudibanisa kunye nokuthutha izixhobo ezinkulu kunye ne-ultra-heavy.

Ulwakhiwo lwegridi yekholamu yekhonkrithi yesiqhelo ifuna iikholamu ezininzi, ezithintela ukuphathwa kwemathiriyeli kunye noyilo lwenkqubo. Ngokwamkela iitrasi zentsimbi ezinde zentsimbi kunye nezakhiwo zegridi, izakhiwo zetsimbi ezinzima zinokwenza izithuba ezingenazo ikholamu ezifikelela kumakhulu eemitha, zihlangabezane ngokupheleleyo nemfuno yendawo eqhubekayo kwishishini lanamhlanje. Iworkshop yokupeyinta ye-FAW Jiefang Qingdao Base, ene-span eyodwa yeemitha ezingama-36, ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wale nzuzo.

Ukongezelela, insimbi ibonisa i-ductility enhle kunye nobuhlobo bendalo.Izakhiwo zentsimbikananjalo ukuphumeza umgangatho ophezulu woshishino, okwenza ukuba imisebenzi enxuseneyo yokwenziwa kwefektri yangaphambili kunye nokwakhiwa kwendawo. Ngoko ke, izakhiwo zetsimbi ezinzima zibonelela ngeenzuzo zokwakha ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-seismic kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Izakhiwo zentsimbi ezinzima zisetyenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo evela kwiikhreyini ezinobunzima kunye nokungcangcazela kwezixhobo ezinkulu, okanye ukudala iziphambano ezinde. Ngombulelo kwiipropathi zabo ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, baye baba yinkqubo yesakhiwo ekhethiweyo yeendibano zocweyo zemizi-mveliso enzima, izibonelelo zamandla, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye namanye amacandelo. Izicelo zabo ezingundoqo kwimizi-mveliso ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ukuveliswa koomatshini abanzima, amandla kunye nezibonelelo zamandla, kunye nesinyithi kunye nemveliso yemathiriyeli ekrwada.