IZakhiwo zoShishino "zeSitayile soLowo": Ngaba iOfisi enemigangatho emi-3 kufuneka ibe yintsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi?

Yintoni "Isimbo soLowo" lweSakhiwo soShishino?

Yindlu yokusebenzela enkulu enemigangatho enye enentsimbi edityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhiwo seofisi esinemigangatho emithathu ecaleni kwayo. Iworkshop ifana nebhodi kaloliwe, kwaye iofisi ifana ne-injini kaloliwe (intloko kaloliwe). Idityaniswe njengenye, ibizwa ngokuba "sisakhiwo sendlela kaloliwe" .

Kwakutheni Ukuze Le Yilwe?

Ngesivakalisi esinye: Umxhasi ufuna ukonga imali kunye nokugcina umhlaba.

Emva kokuba ucweyo lwakhiwe, usafuna indawo yeeofisi, ikhefu labasebenzi, kunye neendwendwe zokuhlangana. Ukuba wakha isakhiwo seofisi esahlukileyo, kuthatha umhlaba omninzi. Kwakhona kufuneka ugcine umgama ofunekayo wokhuseleko lomlilo phakathi kwezakhiwo ezibini. Oko kuthetha iziseko ezihlukeneyo, iindonga ezahlukeneyo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo-nto leyo ebiza imali eninzi. Ngoko isisombululo esilumkileyo senziwe: faka isakhiwo seofisi ngokuthe ngqo kwindonga ye-gable (udonga lokugqibela) lweworkshop. Babelana ngodonga olunye, kodwa banosetyenziso olwahlukileyo kunye neendawo zokuphuma ezingxamisekileyo ezahlukileyo. Ufumana yonke into oyifunayo, ngelixa usika iindleko ezongezelelweyo.

Ngolu hlobo lwesakhiwo, intsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi: Ufanele ukhethe njani?

1. Iworkshop: Ukhetho Olulula—Intsimbi Yeyona Igqwesileyo

● Izipani Ezikhulu—Ngoyilo oluhle, kulula ukwakha ububanzi obunye obuziimitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30. Iikholamu ezimbalwa ngaphakathi zithetha indawo evulekileyo yokubeka oomatshini nezixhobo;

● Ukonga intsimbi—Ukusebenzisa izipani ezide ezinophahla olulula lwentsimbi kunciphisa intsimbi efunekayo kwimiqadi neentsika. Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olufanayo, insimbi igcina imali eninzi kunekhonkrithi;

● Ukugcinwa kweSiseko-Ngeentsika ezimbalwa kunye nobunzima besakhiwo esilula, iindleko zesiseko ziphantsi kakhulu;

● Ukwakhiwa NgokuKhawuleza—Iinxalenye zenziwa kumzi-mveliso zize zidityaniswe nje esizeni. Akukho ukubotshwa kwe-rebar, i-formwork, okanye ixesha lokunyanga ikhonkrithi, iyenza ikhawuleze kakhulu kunekhonkrithi efakwe kwindawo.

Ngoko ke, kwi-workshop, isakhiwo sensimbi sibonwa ngumntu wonke njengesisombululo esihle.

2. Ukhetho lokwenyani: Sisiphi iSicwangciso omele usisebenzise kwiOfisi encanyathiselweyo?

3. Intsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi - indlela yokwenza isigqibo

Isigqibo esinzima yi "locomotive head" (isakhiwo seofisi). Esi sakhiwo sikholisa ukuba nezi mpawu: imigangatho embalwa (ubukhulu becala amabali ama-3), iindawo ezimfutshane (ezidla ngokuba ziimitha ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8), akukho zintlu ziphakathi (isithuba esinye), kunye nemithwalo elula (esetyenziselwa umsebenzi weofisi).

Ukuba esi sisakhiwo esizimeleyo, isakhelo sekhonkrithi siya kuba yinto ecacileyo, elula. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba incanyathiselwe kwindawo yokusebenzela yentsimbi, abantu basoloko bethandabuza: Ngaba sifanele sisebenzise isakhelo sentsimbi ukutshatisa indawo yokusebenzela, okanye sincamathele ngekhonkrithi yesintu? Zombini ezi zigqibo zinezizathu ezivakalayo. Makhe sijonge nganye nganye ngokucacileyo:

① Isakhiwo seOfisi yeSimbi

Izinto eziluncedo (Izinto eziluncedo)

● Ukwakhiwa okukhawulezayo: Imiqadi kunye neentsika zenziwe kwangaphambili kumzi-mveliso kwaye zidityaniswe kwindawo efana neebhloko zeLego. Isakhiwo esinemigangatho emi-3 ngokufuthi sinokugqitywa malunga nenyanga enye;

● Ikhaphukhaphu: Kwimigangatho emi-3 efanayo, isakhelo sentsimbi siphantse sibe ngama-50% khaphukhaphu kunekhonkrithi. Umthwalo ophantsi wekholomu-isiseko uthetha ukuba unokugcina imali kwiziseko;

● Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenyikima: Intsimbi ibhetyebhetye kwaye yomelele. Ngexesha lenyikima, iyagoba kunokuba iqhekeke. Kwiindawo ezineenyikima eziphezulu, le yinzuzo yokwenene yokusindisa ubomi;

● Ukudibanisa iworkshop: Iqela lokwakha elinye kunye nenkqubo efanayo zisebenza kuzo zombini iworkshop kunye neofisi, ukwenza ulungelelwaniso lube lula kwaye lube lula.

Izinto ezingeloncedo (Cons)

● Iindleko Zezinto Eziphezulu: Intsimbi njengempahla ekrwada ibiza kakhulu;

● Ukugquma okungatshiyo Kuyindleko: Intsimbi iphelelwa ngamandla xa ivutha, ngoko yonke imiqadi kunye neentsika zifuna ukugquma okungatshiyo. Ikhonkrithi ayifuni ezi ndleko zongezelelweyo kwaphela;

● Umngcipheko Womhlwa: Ifuna ipeyinti efanelekileyo yokuthintela umhlwa kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo ekuhambeni kwexesha;

● Kufuneka iSakhono esiPhezulu: Ukuwelda, iibholithi, kunye nokuchaneka kokufakela kufuna iqela labakhi abanobuchule.

② Isakhiwo seOfisi esiKhonkrithi

Izinto eziluncedo (Izinto eziluncedo)

● Iindleko eziphantsi: Izinto zekhonkrithi ezomeleziweyo zinexabiso eliphantsi kunentsimbi;

● Ukumelana nomlilo: Ikhonkrithi ixhathisa umlilo ngokwemvelo, igcina i-100% yeendleko zokugquma umlilo;

● Yomelele Yaye Ihlala Ixesha: Inokuhlala kangangamashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuncinane kakhulu;

● Ukuyakha ngokulula: Ukumisela i-formwork, ukubopha i-rebar, kunye nokugalela ikhonkrithi yimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwamaqela okwakha angayenza, ngoko kulula ukuwafumana kunye nokuthethathethana nawo.

Izinto ezingeloncedo (Cons)

● Ubunzima obunzima: Umthwalo ophezulu wekholomu-isiseko ufuna indawo enkulu yesiseko phantsi kweemeko zomhlaba ezifanayo;

● Ixesha Elide Lokwakha: Ukumisela izinto zokubumba, ukugalela ikhonkile, nokulinda ukuba kugqitywe kuthabatha ixesha yaye akunakukhawuleziswa;

● Iinyikima Zibuthathaka: Ikhonkrithi inzima kwaye iqinile. Ngexesha lenyikima, iqinile kwaye inokuqhekeka ngokulula, ayinakho ukuguquguquka kwentsimbi;

● Amaqela amabini Ahlukeneyo: Elinye iqela lenza intsimbi lize elinye lenze ikhonkrithi. Ukulawula amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zongeza ingxaki yolungelelaniso.

③ Yintoni eyona Ndleko Umahluko?

Iindleko zokwakha zitshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kummandla kunye neemeko zemarike, ngoko ke amaxabiso awafani yonke indawo. Kodwa nalu uluhlu lwexabiso ngokubanzi lwereferensi (ngokusekwe kuqikelelo lwangoku lwemalike; iindleko zokugqibela zixhomekeke kwiingcaphuno zendawo):

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ikhonkrithi inexabiso eliphantsi. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi bekhetha ikhonkrithi—emva koko, ukonga imali kudla ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili.

④ Ityala elinye apho intsimbi iluKhetho olungcono

Ukuba ezi meko zilandelayo zenzeke kunye, kuya kufuneka uqikelele ngamandla ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sentsimbi ngokuthe ngqo:

● Indawo yeNyikima ePhezulu (efana neSeismic Fortification Intensity yeDegree 8 okanye ngaphezulu);

● Umgca weFault Line osebenzayo ngaphakathi kwe-10 km yeSiza: Kufuneka ubale amandla awongezelelweyo enyikima ("near-field effect"). Ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo ezinzima zifumana amandla anamandla enyikima, oku kwenza ukubala koyilo lwekhonkrithi kube nzima kakhulu kwaye kubize kakhulu. Intsimbi ikhaphukhaphu, ngoko ke ayichaphazeleki kangako.