Inkqubo yesakhelo sentsimbi yeBraced: Kutheni iZakhiwo eziPhezulu zimi ziqinile?

Iqhutywa kukunqongophala kwemithombo yomhlaba yale mihla kunye noxinzelelo lokukhula kwabemi, ulwakhiwo oluthe nkqo lube yinto engenakuphepheka kulwakhiwo lwangoku. Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo zale mihla zintingela phezulu esibhakabhakeni kwaye zime ncaa. Yintoni ezigcina zizinzile kuxinzelelo lomoya onamandla kwitroposphere kwaye zikwazi ukumelana neenyikima ngokukhuselekileyo? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwi-bracedinkqubo yentsimbi yesakhelo.

Izakhelo zesakhelo ezicocekileyo zemveli zibonakalisa uhlengahlengiso lomgangatho oguquguqukayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubude besakhiwo budlula umda othile, ukusilela kwabo kokungonelanga kokuqina kwesakhiwo secala kuya kuvela. Kukho izisombululo ezibini eziphambili zokujongana nalo mbandela: ukwandiswa kwee-cross-sections of beams kunye neentsika, okanye ukufakela iinkqubo zokuqinisa. I-yangaphambili iya kukhokelela ekunyukeni okubukhali kokusetyenziswa kwensimbi, ngelixa eli kugqibela liqhayisa ngeendleko eziphezulu. Ngoko ke, iisistim zentsimbi edibeneyo zikhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo.

Ingqiqo eyisiseko yenkqubo yentsimbi yentsimbi edibeneyo ixhomekeke kulungiselelo olunengqiqo lwamalungu abambezelayo ukwenza indlela yokubambisana yomthwalo womthwalo: isakhelo sentsimbi sithwala imithwalo ethe nkqo ngelixa i-braces imelana nemikhosi ethe tye. Isakhiwo seofisi e-Xiamen samkela i-steel frame-concentric brace system structural. Iibrace ezithintelweyo ezithwele imithwalo (BRBs) zifakwe kwisiseko sesakhiwo, ezixhamla ngokupheleleyo iinzuzo ze-ductility zezakhiwo zentsimbi kwaye ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-seismic yesakhiwo.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-braced bracediinkqubo zesakhelo sentsimbi. Isakhelo esiQinisekisiweyo esiQinisekisiweyo (i-CBF) lolona lungelelwaniso lokubrawuza lwakudala, oluphawu lwalo olungundoqo kukuba ii-asi ezikumbindi we-axes zamalungu abambeneyo zinqumla kumbindi we-beam-column joints. Inokuqina okuphezulu kwaye inokulawula ngokusebenzayo ukufuduswa okuthe tye. Umahluko we-Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) esuka kwi-CBF ilele kwi-offset yee-axes zayo zokubrasha, eyenza ukuba idibanise ukuqina okuphezulu kweebrayisi ezigxininisiweyo kunye nokufaneleka kwe-ductility yezakhelo ezicocekileyo. Izakhelo ezibambeneyo zokulahla amandla zixhomekeke ekuchitheni amandla kunye nezixhobo zokumanzisa ukwenza inkqubo esecaleni yokuxhathisa amandla.

Kubunjineli obusebenzayo, iBuckling-Restrained Brace (BRB) sesona sisombululo sikhoyo kunye nokwahluka okuphuculweyo kwezakhelo ezibambeneyo ngokuqwalaselayo. Iphelisa umba wokungaphumeleli kwe-buckling ye-concentric braces phantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokugoba. Idityaniswe ngepleyiti yentsimbi engundoqo, ityhubhu yokuthintela yangaphandle kunye nemathiriyeli yokuzalisa engabotshwanga, ii-BRBs zivelisa isivuno phantsi komthwalo ngaphandle kwe-buckling yokuchitha amandla, ukuzuza ukuqina okulinganayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthamo wokuzala kunye nokusebenza okugcweleyo.

Ngaphandle koko, i-CBF ikakhulu ibandakanya i-Diagonal Bracing, i-Chevron Bracing (i-Inverted V-Bracing), i-V-Bracing, i-X-Bracing (i-Cross Bracing) kunye ne-K-Bracing. I-EBF ngokuyinhloko iqulethe uhlobo lwe-D (uhlobo lwesango), uhlobo lwe-K, uhlobo lwe-V kunye nohlobo lwe-Y-bracings.

Uhlobo oluthile lwebracediinkqubo zesakhelo sentsimbiiya kukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zenyikima kunye nobude besakhiwo. Ngokubanzi, iibrayisi ezigxininisiweyo zesiNtu zibonakalisa ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, iibrayisi ze-eccentric zibonelela nge-ductility efanelekileyo kunye nomthamo oqinileyo wokulahla amandla, kunye neebrayisi ezithintelweyo zinikezela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-seismic. Iisistim zesakhelo sentsimbi ebambeneyo zenza ukuba izakhiwo eziphakamileyo neziphakamileyo zikwazi ukumelana nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla kunye neenyikima, kwaye zikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo zophuhliso lwedolophu oluthe nkqo. Ngeminyaka engama-21 yamava abanzi, i-EHSS ngumvelisi oyingcali osebenza ngokuyilwa kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo zentsimbi. Hlala ubukele i-EHSS ngolwazi oluthe kratya lobuchwephesha malunga nezakhiwo zentsimbi.