ImiGangatho yeNkqubo yoKwakha kwiZakhiwo zeNsimbi (iiSakhelo zeNsimbi) - Iindaba - Qingdao Eihe Steel Structure Group Co., Ltd.

1. Itshekhi yokuPhakamisa isakhelo sentsimbi (Ubalo lokuPhakamisa)

Iileyibhile zeefoto ezitsaliweyo:Inxalenye ePhakamileyo: Intsimbi yentsimbi (H-Beam) | Isilingi sokuPhakamisa: Isilingi seNtsontelo yeNtsontelo yoNxibelelo-Mibini | Isikhundla sokuPhakamisa | Ikholam yesakhelo sentsimbi | Umphathi woKhuseleko (i-Helmet A-001) | Crane: XCMG Group

I. Umzobo wokuPhakamisa

Ilungu:Intsimbi yentsimbi H500×200×10×16, Ubude L = 12.0 m

Amanqaku okuPhakamisa:Beka kwi-L / 4 ukusuka ekupheleni kwendawo nganye

Iengile yesilingi:α ≈ 60 °

II. Umthwalo wokubala

1. Ubunzima bomzimba weBeam:
G = ρ × V = 78.5 kN/m³ × 0.212 m³/m × 12.0 m = 199.9 kN

2. IFactor yoMlayisho onamandla:Thatha i-1.1

3. Ubunzima beziLingi:Angahoywa (akukho nto)

4. Umthwalo oPhakamileyo uwonke:
P = G × 1.1 = 219.9 kN

5. Uxinzelelo lwesilingi (umthwalo olungelelanisiweyo):
T = P / (2 × cos α) = 219.9 / (2 × cos 60 °) = 219.9 kN

III. Ukujonga uKhuseleko lwe-Sling

1. Uhlobo lwesilingi:φ20 intambo yocingo lwentsimbi, umthwalo wokuqhawula i-Fb = 360 kN

2. Umba woKhuseleko (n):
n = Fb / T = 360 / 219.9 = 1.64 > 1.25

Iyahlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo!

Jonga isiphelo:
Umsebenzi wokuphakamisa ukhuselekile kwaye uhlangabezana neemfuno zekhowudi.

ImiGangatho yeeReferensi

• IKhowudi yoLwakhiwo lweZakhiwo zeNsimbi (GB 50755-2012)

• IKhowudi yobuGcisa yoKhuseleko lokuPhakamisa nokuPhakanyiswa kulwakhiwo (JGJ 276-2012)

Amanqaku okhuseleko:

1. Jonga umqadi wentsimbi, iintambo zocingo, kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa phambi kokuba uphakamise ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile.

2. Yabela umntu ozinikeleyo ukuba alathise inkqubo yokunyusa. Akukho mntu unokuma phantsi komqadi ophakanyisiweyo.

3. Yeka ukuphakamisa umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza xa isantya somoya sifikelela kwiNqanaba lesi-6 okanye ngaphezulu.

2. Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo - Ukufakwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi

Phakamisa intsimbi yentsimbi kwindawo yayo ecwangcisiweyo, emva koko uhlole kwaye uvumele iinqununu zokudibanisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wofakelo uhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.

[I-Tag ye-Inset kwiKholamu: UHlolo lokuFakela i-Steel Beam | Igama leProjekthi: Iworkshop #1 | Umhla woHlolo | Umhloli]

3. Ukufakela kunye nokuHlola kweSakhelo seNsimbi - Ukufakela i-Steel Roof Truss

1. Ukulinganisa kwe-BIM ye-3D:Ukulinganisa ukufakwa kwentsimbi yophahla lwentsimbi ukuphucula isicwangciso sokuphakamisa kunye nomyalelo wofakelo.

2. Ukuphakanyiswa kweTyala yophahla:Sebenzisa i-crane yelori ukuphakamisa i-truss kwaye uyibeke ngokucothayo kwindawo ngelixa uyigcina ilungelelene.

3. Ukuma kunye noLungiso lweThutyana:Emva kokuba i-truss yephahla isendaweni, yikhusele okwethutyana kwaye ulungise indawo yayo kunye nokuphakama (ukuphakama).

4. UQhagamshelo lweBolt yamandla aphezulu:Qinisa iibholiti eziphezulu ngokwemigaqo yoyilo ukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo.

5. Ukuhlolwa koFakelo:Jonga ubude betruss, ubude, ukugoba (ukuphambuka), kunye nolungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyadibana nekhowudi.

6. Ingxelo yoHlolo:Emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa, gcwalisa ifomu lerekhodi kwaye uqhubele phambili kwisinyathelo esilandelayo sokwakha.

IRekhodi yokuHlola yokuFakelo lweNgxowa yeNsimbi

Into yoHlolo	Imposiso evunyiweyo (mm)	Ixabiso elimiselweyo (mm)	Jonga isiphumo
Isithuba seTrass (L)	±10	—	√ (Pasa)
Truss Height (Ukuphakama)	±5	—	√ (Pasa)
Ukugoba iTruss (Ukuphethuka)	L / 750	—	√ (Pasa)
Ulungelelwaniso lweTruss nkqo	H / 1000	—	√ (Pasa)
Isikhundla seNkxaso	±5	—	√ (Pasa)
ITorque yeBolt yamandla aphezulu	Iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo	—	√ (Pasa)

Amanqaku oLawulo aPhambili:

Jonga zonke iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingenayo kwisiza ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwazo, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho weweld;
Sebenzisa isicwangciso sokuphakamisa esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuphakamisa;
Lungisa kwaye ulungise i-truss kanye emva kokuba ibekwe kwindawo;
Qinisa zonke iibholiti eziphezulu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uvavanye i-torque yazo ngokwekhowudi;
Yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo esifakelweyo sihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zoyilo kunye nekhowudi.

4. Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo - Ukufakela i-Steel Beam eNxulumeneyo

Iileyibhile zeefoto ezitsaliweyo:Isifakelo esiPhezulu-Ekhohlo: Imboniselo ye-BIM ye-3D | Isifakelo esisemazantsi-eKhohlo: Jonga ukuhlohla | Ifoto ePhambili: uMdibaniso woQhagamshelwano oluPhezulu, iBeam yentsimbi eNxinyiweyo (i-Diagonal Brace), iQhagamshelwano eliPhantsi

Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo - ukuFakelwa kweBeam yentsimbi

1. UHlolo lwaPhambi koFakelo:Jonga inombolo yenxalenye, ubungakanani, iindawo zemingxuma yebholiti, kunye necala lepleyiti yoqhagamshelwano. Qinisekisa ukuba iindawo zoqhagamshelwano zithe tyaba, zicocekile, kwaye azinaziqhumiso okanye i-oyile.

2. UkuPhakanyiswa kunye nokubekwa kwindawo:Sebenzisa iindawo ezimbini zokunyusela ukuphakamisa umqadi othambekileyo uwubeke kwindawo yawo. Yilungise okwethutyana kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zombini iindawo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo kunye nekholomu yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.

3. Ulungelelwaniso kunye noLungiso:Lungisa indawo esembindini, ubude, kunye nolungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo lomqadi othambekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Gqibezela uqhagamshelwano olusisigxina emva kolungelelwaniso.

4. Indlela yoQhagamshelwano:Qhagamshela ngeebholiti eziphezulu. Ziqinise ngokulinganayo ukusuka embindini ukuya ngaphandle ukuya kumacala omabini njengoko kufunwa luyilo, kwaye uphawule ibholithi nganye emva kokuhlolwa kokupasa kokuqina.

5. Ukuhlolwa koFakelo:Jonga indawo yomgca osembindini, ubude, ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo, ukuqina koqhagamshelwano lwepleyiti, kunye nomgangatho wokuqinisa ibholithi. Yonke into kufuneka ihlangabezane neKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woKwakha weZakhiwo zentsimbi (GB 50205).

5. Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo - Ukufakwa kweKholam yeNsimbi

1. Ukuhlola iSiseko:Jonga ukuba izikhundla zebholi ye-ankile, ukuphakama kwesiseko, kunye nemilinganiselo yesiseko iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.

2. Ukujonga ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo:Sebenzisa isitishi esipheleleyo, i-laser plumb, okanye inqanaba le-straightedge ukujonga ukuba ikholamu yentsimbi imi ngokuthe nkqo kangakanani.

3. UkuJonga uMgangatho woQhagamshelwano:Khangela ukuba iibholiti eziphezulu, iiwelds, kunye neepleyiti zokudibanisa ziyahlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo yokwakha:1. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela → 2. Phakamisa kwaye ubeke iKholam yentsimbi → 3. Faka kwaye ukhusele → 4. Ukuhlola kunye noKwamkeleka

6. Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi - Ufakelo lweSakhiwo seTruss (Idiagram ye-BIM ye-3D)

UkuHamba kweNkqubo yoFakelo:Uvavanyo kunye nokuMakisha → Jonga iNkxaso → Phakamisa kunye nendawo → Ulungiso lwexeshana → Ulungelelwaniso kunye noLungiso → UQhagamshelwano lweBolt yamandla aphezulu → Ukuwelda (ukuba kuyafuneka)

Amanqaku oFakelo aPhambili:

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, jonga kabini i-centerline yenkxaso, ukuphakama, kunye neendawo ezifakwe kwinxalenye;
Qhoboshela iintambo zesikhokelo somoya (imigca yethegi) ngexesha lokuphakamisa ukugcina i-truss izinzile;
Lungisa kwaye ukhusele okwethutyana i-truss emva kokubekwa ukukhusela ukugoba okanye ukuphazamiseka;
Ukudibanisa i-bolt ephezulu kufuneka ilandele imithetho yoyilo kunye nekhowudi kwaye iqiniswe kwi-torque efunekayo;
Umgangatho we-Weld kufuneka uhlangabezane nemigaqo kwiKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woKwakha weZakhiwo zeNsimbi (GB 50205).

Iindawo eziphambili zokuHlola (Iifoto zeSiza):

1. Inkxaso kunye nokuHlola ngokudibeneyo

Jonga izikhundla kunye nokuphakama kweebholiti zenkxaso, iipleyiti zeshim, kunye neendawo ezizinzisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.

2. Ukujonga ulungelelwaniso lweTrass

Sebenzisa isitishi esipheleleyo ukulinganisa i-centerline, ukuphakama, kunye nokugoba kwe-truss, kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso lokulungelelanisa.

3. Ukukhangela iBolt yamandla aphezulu

Khangela inani, ubungakanani, kunye ne-torque yeebholiti zamandla aphezulu, kwaye uphinde uvavanye njengoko kufunwa yikhowudi.

Phawula:Ulwakhiwo lwetruss kule projekthi ludityaniswe kwangaphambili kumzi-mveliso kwaye luphakanyiswe kumacandelo kwisiza ukuqinisekisa ukufakela okuchanekileyo, umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko.

7. Isakhelo seNsimbi kunye neProfayili yokuFakela iPhepha leNgxoxo yeMetal kunye noHlolo

Ufakelo lweSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo

(Iileyibhile: Ukunyuswa kweBeam, ukubekwa kwindawo, iiBolts zokuqina okuphezulu, ukuJonga okuthe nkqo kunye noBubude, ukuJonga uMgangatho oDityanisiweyo)

1. Ujongo lweCandelo elingenayo:Jonga umgangatho wemathiriyeli, ubungakanani, ubume bomphezulu, kunye nokomelela. Faka kuphela emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa.

2. Ulawulo Lwenkqubo:Lawula indawo yokubeka, ukuphakama, ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo, kunye nokuqiniswa kwebholithi ngexesha lofakelo.

3. Izinto zoHlolo:Isikhundla se-Centerline, ukuphakama, ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo, ukuthambeka komphezulu, kunye nomgangatho woqhagamshelo lwebholiti.

4. Umgangatho woMgangatho:Kufuneka ihlangabezane neKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woKwakha weSteel Structures (GB 50205-2020).

UFakelo lwePhepha lophahla lweMetal oluneProfayili kunye noHlolo

(Iileyibhile: Iphepha leMetal lophahla, iLap Joint, uLungiso lweSikrufu sokuZicofa, Ukulungisa okudanyazayo)

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto:Jonga iprofayile yephaneli, ubukhulu, isambatho, kunye nombala. Sebenzisa kuphela emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa.

2. Imithetho yoFakelo:Gquba iipaneli ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uzilungise ngokuqinileyo. Gcina izithuba zescrew ngaphakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo, kungekho zikrufu zingekhoyo okanye ezilahlekileyo.

3. Izinto zoHlolo:Uphahla oluthe tyaba, ububanzi obuthe kratya, isithuba sendawo yokuqinisa, kunye neenkcukacha zokuthintela amanzi.

4. Umgangatho woMgangatho:Kufuneka ihlangabezane neKhowudi yoBuchwephesha yeMetal Roof Engineering (GB 50345-2012).

8. Ukufakela iSakhelo seNsimbi kunye noHlolo - Izitebhisi zentsimbi kunye nokufakwa kwe-Handrail

1. Izinyuko zentsimbi ezigqityiweyo kunye neeHandrails (Ifoto yesiza)

2. Imodeli ye-BIM ye-3D (Izinyuko zentsimbi kunye neeHandrails)

3. Ufakelo lwezinyuko zentsimbi (Umsebenzi weSiza)

4. UFakelo lweHandrail (Umsebenzi weSiza)

5. UHlolo loMgangatho woFakelo (Indawo yokuHlola)

Imiyalelo:

Ngaphambi kokufaka izitebhisi zentsimbi kunye nezandla, khangela kabini imilinganiselo yecandelo, ukuphakama, kunye ne-centrelines yokubeka;
Xa usebenzisa ukudityaniswa kwebholiti, khangela ubungakanani bebholiti, ubungakanani, kunye netorque ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo;
Izandla ezifakelweyo kufuneka ziqine kwaye zithe tye, kunye neewelds ezigcweleyo nezigudileyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye nekhowudi;
Yenza ukuhlolwa komgangatho emva kofakelo kwaye ugcwalise irekhodi lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi.

ImiGangatho yeNkqubo yoKwakha kuLwakhiwo lweNsimbi (izakhelo zentsimbi)

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbieszisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimakethi yokwakha yanamhlanje ukwakha izakhelo zokwakha, kwaye ziya kuba lolona khetho luphambili lwezakhiwo zokuqala kwixa elizayo. Izakhiwo zentsimbi zineendidi ezininzi, iintlobo zesakhiwo, kunye neentlobo zecandelo. Ngokusekwe kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo, zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezine eziphambili: izakhelo ze-portal, iigridi zendawo, iitrasi, kunye nezakhelo zesakhelo.