Imibuzo eyi-8 ePhakamileyo yoBuchule malunga noYilo loLwakhiwo lweNsimbi kunye noHlahlelo lokuSilela

Kwivolumu yangaphambili, sichaze iikhonsepthi ezisixhenxe ezisisiseko ezibandakanya i-slenderness ratio, i-diaphragm effect, i-shear lag kunye nomda wokuphambuka, ugxininise kwizihloko ezisisiseko ezifana nokuzinza kwamalungu, ukuhanjiswa komthwalo kunye nokuhlelwa kwecandelo.

Njengomqulu wesibini wale ngcaliisakhiwo sentsimbiUchungechunge lwe-Q&A, eli nqaku liqhubeka nomxholo wangaphambili kwaye lijonge nzulu kwizifundo ezikhethekileyo ezigubungela iindlela zokuyila, iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela zokungaphumeleli, kubandakanywa noyilo lweplastiki, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-post-buckling, uhlalutyo lwe-second-order, i-Bauschinger effect kunye ne-brittle fracture.

Q1. Uthini umgaqo osisiseko wendlela yoyilo lweplastiki?

Indlela yokuyila iplastiki isebenza kwizakhiwo zetsimbi ezingenakulinganiswa. Xa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezichongiweyo zamalungu ezakhiwo zifikelela kumandla emveliso yentsimbi, iihinge zeplastiki ziya kwenza, okwenza kube lula ukwabiwa kwamandla angaphakathi kwisakhiwo sonke. Ulawulo olungqongqo kufuneka luphunyezwe kulo lonke ubalo ukunqanda ukubunjwa kwendlela eguquguqukayo okanye ukuguqulwa kolwakhiwo olugqithisileyo.

Q2. Umahluko wokuSebenza phakathi kweeBreyisi zeKona kunye neeBrayisi eziDiyagonal

Iibrace zekona zisebenza njengenkxaso engaphandle kwendiza ukukhusela ukuzinza kwehlabathi jikelele kweentsimbi zentsimbi; i-diagonal braces yamkelwa ukulawula i-deformation jikelele ye-lateral yesakhiwo.

Q3. Inkcazo yePlanethi yoBulukhuni boBukhulu

Indiza apho i-cross-section ijikeleza malunga ne-axis yayo enkulu ichazwa njengendiza yobunzima obukhulu. Uninzi lwamacandelo ensimbi aneentsimbi ezimbini eziphambili ze-centroidal: i-axis enkulu kunye nomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia kunye ne-axis encinci kunye nomzuzu omncinci we-inertia.

Q4. Ingqikelelo ye-Post-Buckling Strength

Xa i-buckling yendawo isenzeka kwiwebhu yelungu eliguquguqukayo, icandelo aliyi kuphulukana nawo wonke amandla alo okuthwala umthwalo ngoko nangoko, kwaye intsalela yentsebenzo yentsalela isenokugcinwa. Ithiyori yoyilo exhaphaza ngokupheleleyo kwaye isebenzise amandla okushiyeka anjalo yaziwa ngokuba yindlela yoyilo esekwe kumandla ewebhu emva kwe-buckling.

Q5. Inkcazo ye-Second-Order Moment kunye ne-Second-Order Elastoplastic Analysis

Uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lomgca aluhoyi umzuzu owongezelelweyo wokugoba obangelwa yi-deformation yesakhiwo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uhlalutyo lwe-second-order (uhlalutyo lwe-geometric nonlinear) luthathela ingqalelo umzuzu ongaphezulu wokugoba owenziwe yi-deformation yesakhiwo phantsi kwemithwalo, apho ubudlelwane phakathi komthwalo kunye nokuguqulwa kubonisa iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo. Ngesi siseko, uhlalutyo lwe-elastoplastic lwe-odolo yesibini lubandakanya ngakumbi ukuziphatha kwe-elastoplastic engahambelaniyo yentsimbi emva kokuvunwa ukubalwa kwezakhiwo zehlabathi.

Q6. Yintoni i-Bauschinger Effect?

Emva kokuba intsimbi ibekwe phantsi komthwalo onzima ukuvelisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kwaye emva koko yothulwa, amandla ayo okuvelisa ayancipha phantsi kokulayisha okubuyela umva, kwaye ukuguqulwa okusisigxina kweplastiki okungapheliyo kusala emva kokukhulula. Le propati yezinto eziphathekayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Bauschinger effect.

Q7. Indlela yokuSeka yeLamellar yokukrazula

Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo luvela ekupholiseni ukushwabana kwe-weld seams emva kwe-welding. Iipleyiti zetsimbi ezincinci okanye ezingenakunqandwa ziyakwazi ukwandisa kwaye zivumelane ngokukhululekile ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo okanye iiphaneli eziqinisiweyo zithintelwa ngamalungu akufutshane kwaye azikwazi ukushwabana ngokukhululekileyo, zivelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu oluhambelana nomphezulu wepleyiti. Uxinzelelo lwendawo kwiindawo ezithintelwe kakhulu lunokuba ngamaxesha amaninzi amandla emveliso yentsimbi, ekugqibeleni ibangele ukuba ipleyiti ikrazule kunye nolwalathiso lwayo ubukhulu, oluchazwa njengokukrazula kwe-lamellar.

Q8. Loluphi uhlobo lweNdlela yokuSilela i-Brittle Fracture?

I-Brittle fracture ibhekiselele kukusilela kwesakhiwo ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwezandulela ezicacileyo. Uxinzelelo lwangempela kwi-cross-section kwi-fracture iphantsi kakhulu kunamandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okuqina entsimbi. Le ndlela yokungaphumeleli ivela ekusasazeni okuqhubekayo kweziphene ezincinci zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwentsimbi kunye nokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza okungazinzanga kweentanda. Nje ukuba iintanda zifikelele kubungakanani obubalulekileyo, ziya kwanda ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, kungabikho silumkiso soguquko lweplastiki phambi kokusilela, okukhokelela kumngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu.

Amagqabantshintshi okuvala

Ukuphonononga le miqulu mibini: amaziko omthamo wokuqala wokuzinza kwamalungu, ngelixa okwesibini kugxininise kwiindlela zokuyila kunye neendlela zokungaphumeleli. Zidityaniswe kunye, ngokusisiseko zigubungela iinkxalabo eziphambiliisakhiwo sentsimbiubunjineli: indlela yokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwelungu, indlela yokwenza ukubala kwesakhiwo, kunye nendlela izinto ezisilela ngayo. Ezi nkalo zintathu zihambelanayo zenza isakhelo solwazi olusisiseko soyilo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi.

Kuyathenjwa ukuba le miqulu mibini inokunceda abafundi baseke inkqubo yengqikelelo ecacileyo, ebavumela ukuba bachonge ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lweengxaki zobunjineli kwaye bagqibe ngokukhawuleza iindlela zokuhlalutya ezihambelanayo xa bedibana nemiba ephathekayo. Abafundi bamkelekile ukuba banxibelelane kwaye baxoxe ngezinye iikhonsepthi zobugcisa ezibhidayo ezifunyanwa kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla.